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Professor T. DebRoy

Professor of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA. Phone: 814 865 1974, e-mail: debroy@psu.edu

Professional Preparation

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India: Ph.D., Department of Metallurgy, 1974, Professor K. P. Abraham, thesis advisor.

Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, England: Postdoctoral, 1974-77, Professor D. G. C. Robertson, advisor.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA: Postdoctoral, 1978-79, Professors T. W. Eagar and J. Szekely, advisors.

Appointments

(a) Pennsylvania State University: Assistant Professor, 1980 – 1984; Associate Professor, 1984-89; Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, since 1989.

(b) Founding Editor, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, published by Taylor and Francis, England. 1996-date.

(c) Chair, Research and Development committee, American Welding Society, 2007 to 2016.

(d) Chair 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research (2012), and Co-Chair, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 10th International Conferences on Trends in Welding Research.

Other positions: Guest Professor, Production Technology Center (PTC), University West, Trollhattan, Sweden, January – February, 2013 and May 2014; Visiting Professor, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria, August 2010 and June 2011; Aditya Birla Chair, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Summer 2003; Academic program Evaluator, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2009; Member, ASM International-IIM Visiting Lecturer Selection Committee, 2000-2010; Member, Comfort A. Adams Award Sub-committee, American Welding Society (AWS), 2001-date; Member, AWS Technical Papers Award Sub-committee, 2000 to date.

Research

Research focus: Computational materials processing, particularly the application of numerical transport phenomena and optimization in welding and additive manufacturing. Our models compute the most important factors that affect metallurgical product quality such as temperature and velocity fields, cooling rates and solidification parameters by solving tens of billions of equations efficiently.

Uniqueness: Specially structured for integration with genetic algorithms and other search engines, these simulations can be made bi-directional, greatly expanding their utility by switching traditional input and output variables, tailoring product attributes, optimizing production variables, reducing defects and improving product quality.

Examples of contributions:

· The first rigorous numerical model of heat and fluid flow in 3D printing for reducing distortion and other common defects, customizing textures, selecting materials and reducing rejection rates of parts.

· The first comprehensive numerical model for the calculation of laser fired aluminum-silicon contact geometry and dopant concentration fields during selective emitter formation in silicon based photovoltaic devices.

· The first transport phenomena and genetic algorithm based bi-directional models to tailor both weld geometry and cooling rate during welding.

· A novel experimental technique, now widely adopted, for estimating temperatures from vapor composition during laser welding.

· The first rigorous numerical model of welding to understand and control the role of similar and dissimilar concentrations of surface active elements in steels.

· The first three-dimensional visco-plastic-flow and heat transfer model for friction stir welding to understand the role of process variables and tool durability.

More about our research, publications, citations and models at http://www.matse.psu.edu/modeling

Awards and honors

Fulbright-FACEPE Distinguished Chair, 2012-2013, for teaching and research in Brazil.

Distinguished Visiting Fellowship, Royal Academy of Engineering, UK, 2011, tenable at Cambridge University for collaborative research.

Yoshiaki Arata Award, International Institute of Welding (IIW), Villepinte, France “given to a person who has realized outstanding achievements in welding science and technology, and its allied areas, and which have been recognized as a great contribution to the progress of welding engineering and related fields,” 2006.

Honorary Membership Award, American Welding Society, “this award is presented to a person of acknowledged eminence in the welding profession or who is credited with exceptional accomplishments in the industry”, 2003.

ASM International Visiting Lectureship Award, ASM International, “for lectures in India based on qualifications of the lecturer,” 2003.

The 57th Comfort A. Adams Lecture of American Welding Society. The Society describes this award as follows: “An award is made annually by the AWS Board of Directors to an outstanding scientist or engineer whose lecture presents some new and distinctive development in the field of welding,” 2000.

Fellow, American Welding Society “in recognition of outstanding and distinguished contributions that have enhanced the advancement of the science, technology and application of welding,” 1999.

Faculty Scholar Medal, The Pennsylvania State University, “for outstanding achievement in engineering”, maximum five Faculty Scholar Awards are made per year from among approximately 4200 Penn State faculty, 1997.

Fellow, ASM International, “for pioneering fundamental research in welding…and for leading efforts in the mathematical modeling of welding processes,” 1993.

Wilson Research Award, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, “for outstanding contributions to the understanding of weld pool surface phenomena,” 1993.

Adams Memorial Membership Award, American Welding Society, “for outstanding teaching,” 1992.

AWARDS FOR TECHNICAL PAPERS (shared with students and colleagues)

McKay Helm Award, American Welding Society, “for the best technical paper on the welding of steel published in the Welding Journal in the previous calendar year,” 2017, 2010 and 1994. (Three separate awards: 2017 award shared with J. Blacher and T. A. Palmer, 2010 award shared with R. Rai, T. A. Palmer and J. W. Elmer and 1994 award shared with K. Mundra)

Charles H. Jennings Memorial Award, American Welding Society, “for the most valuable paper published by a college student or faculty in Welding Journal during the previous calendar year,” 2007, 2006 and 1997 (Three separate awards; 2007 award shared with A. Kumar, 2006 award shared with A. De and 1997 award, shared with W. Pitscheneder, K. Mundra and R. Ebner).

William Spraragen Memorial Award, American Welding Society (AWS), “for the best research paper printed in the Welding Journal during the twelve month period ending with the December issue” 2005 and 2001 (Two separate awards; 2005 award shared with W. Zhang, T. A. Palmer and J. Elmer, and 2001 award shared with Z. Yang, J. Wong and J. Elmer).

Kenneth Easterling Best Paper Award, International Institute of Welding, Villepinte, France and Technical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, “for the best research paper presented at the 7th International Seminar on Mathematical Modeling of Welding,” Graz, Austria, 2003 (shared with A. Kumar, W. Zhang, and C. L. Kim).

Warren F. Savage Memorial Award, American Welding Society, “for innovative research resulting in a better understanding of the metallurgical principles related to welding,” 1998. (shared with K. Mundra, S. Babu and S. A. David).

Current courses taught at Penn State

(a) Thermochemical Processing: This three credit, senior level undergraduate course is concerned with physico-chemical aspects of high temperature extraction and processing of metals and alloys.

(b) Properties and Processing of Engineering Materials: This course serves as an introduction to the structure, processing, and properties of materials for undergraduate sophomore level engineering students.

(c) Computational Materials Science – Continuum Simulations: This graduate level course focuses on the simulations of transport of heat, mass and momentum, diffusion and structural changes.

More about these courses at http://www.matse.psu.edu/modeling/courses.html

Publications

Click here to see citations

Edited Books

1. Trends in Welding Research, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, Chicago, Illinois, Edited by T. DebRoy, S. A. David, J. DuPont, T. Koseki, and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2013, pp. 1-1083.

2. Trends in Welding Research, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. DuPont, and T. Koseki, and H. B. Smartt, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2009, pp. 1-810.

3. Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. B. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 1-1026.

4. Trends in Welding Research, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. C. Lippold, H. B. Smartt, and J. M. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2003, pp. 1-1022.

5. Trends in Welding Research, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by J. M. Vitek, S. A. David, H. B. Smartt, J. A. Johnson, and T. DebRoy, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1999, pp.1-1187.

Papers

6. T. DebRoy, H.L. Wei, J.S. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J.W. Elmer, J.O. Milewski, A.M. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, W. Zhang, Additive manufacturing of metallic components–process, structure and properties, Progress in Materials Science, 2018, vol. 92, pp. 112–224.

7. T. Mukherjee, J.S. Zuback, W. Zhang, T. DebRoy, Residual stresses and distortion in additively manufactured compositionally graded and dissimilar joints, Computational Materials Science, 2018, vol. 143, pp. 325-337.

8. L.L. Wang, H.L. Wei, J.X. Xue, T. DebRoy. Special features of double pulsed gas metal arc welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2018, vol. 251, pp. 369-375.

9. G.L. Knapp, T. Muhkerjee, J.S. Zuback, H.L. Wei, T.A. Palmer, A. De, T. DebRoy. Building blocks for a digital twin of additive manufacturing, Acta Materialia, 2017, vol. 135, pp. 390-399.

10. H.L. Wei, J.W. Elmer, T. DebRoy, Crystal growth during keyhole mode laser welding, Acta Materialia, 2017, vol. 133, pp. 10-20.

11. T. Liu, L.J. Yang, H.L.Wei, W.C.Qiu, T. DebRoy, Composition Change of Stainless Steels during Keyhole Mode Laser Welding, Welding Journal, 2017, vol. 96, pp. 258s-270s.

12. L.L. Wang, H.L. Wei, J.X. Xue, T. DebRoy, A Pathway to microstructural refinement through double pulsed gas metal arc welding, Scripta Materialia, 2017, vol. 134, pp. 61-65.

13. T. DebRoy, W. Zhang, J. Turner, S. S. Babu, Builiding digital twins of 3D printing machines, Scripta Materialia, 2017, vol. 135, pp. 119-124.

14. T. Mukherjee, V. Manvatkar, A. De, T. DebRoy. Mitigation of thermal distortion during additive manufacturing. Scripta Materialia, 2017, vol. 127, pp. 79-83.

15. H.L. Wei, J.W. Elmer, T. DebRoy, Three-dimensional modeling of grain structure evolution during welding of an aluminum alloy, Acta Materialia, 2017, vol. 116, pp. 413-425.

16. T. Mukherjee, W. Zhang, T. DebRoy, An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing, Computational Materials Science, 2017, vol. 126, pp. 360-372.

17. T. Mukherjee, V. Manvatkar, A. De, T. DebRoy, Dimensionless numbers in additive manufacturing, Journal of Applied Physics, 2017, vol. 121 (6), article #064904.

18. H.L. Wei, J.W. Elmer, T. DebRoy, Origin of grain orientation during solidification of an aluminum alloy, Acta Materialia, 2016, vol. 115, pp. 123-131.

19. T. Mukherjee, J. S. Zuback, A. De & T. DebRoy, Printability of alloys for additive manufacturing, Scientific Reports, 2016, 6, 19717.

20. J. J. Blecher, T. A. Palmer, T. DebRoy, Porosity in Thick Section Alloy 690 Welds - Experiments, Modeling, Mechanism, and Remedy, Welding Journal, 2016, vol. 95(1), pp. 17s-26s.

21. H. L. Wei, T. Mukherjee, T. DebRoy. Grain growth modeling for additive manufacturing of nickel based superalloys. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth, 2016, pp. 265-269.

22. T. Mukherjee, J. S. Zuback, A. De and T. DebRoy. Heat and fluid flow modeling to examine 3D printability of alloys. 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 2016, pp. 469-478. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

23. H. L. Wei, J. Mazumder and T. DebRoy, Evolution of solidification texture during additive manufacturing, Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 16446.

24. H. L. Wei, S. Pal, V. Manvatkar, T. J. Lienert, and T. DebRoy, Asymmetry in steel welds with dissimilar amounts of sulfur, Scripta Materialia, 2015, vol. 108, pp. 88-91.

25. V. Manvatkar, A. De and T. DebRoy, Melt Pool Geometry, peak temperature, and solidification parameters during laser additive manufacturing, Materials Science and Technology, 2015, vol. 31(8), pp. 924-930.

26. V. Manvatkar, A. De, L. E. Svensson, and T. DebRoy, Cooling rates and peak temperatures during friction stir welding of a high-carbon steel, Scripta Materialia, 2015, vol. 94, pp. 36-39.

27. A. Raghavan, T.A. Palmer, K.C. Kragh-Buetow, A. Domask, E.W. Reutzel, S.E. Mohney, T. DebRoy, Employing microsecond pulses to form laser-fired contacts in photovoltaic devices, Progress in Photovoltaics, 2015, vol. 23(8), pp. 1025-1036.

28. J. J. Blecher, T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Mitigation of Root defect in laser and hybrid laser-arc welding, Welding Journal, 2015, vol. 94(3), pp. 73s-82s.

29. H. Wei, J. Blecher, T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Fusion zone microstructure and geometry in complete-join-penetration laser-arc hybrid welding of low alloy steel, Welding Journal, 2015, vol. 94(4), pp. 135s-144s.

30. T. DebRoy, Welding in the Digital Age, Welding Journal, 2015, vol. 94(4), pp. 58-64.

31. M.V. Bermejo, T. DebRoy, K. Hurtig, L. Karlsson, L. Svensson, Towards a map of solidification cracking risk in laser welding of austenitic stainless steels, Physics Procedia, 2015, vol. 78, pp. 230-239

32. A. Raghavan, T. A. Palmer, and T. DebRoy, Passivation layer breakdown during laser-fired contact formation for photovoltaic devices, Applied Physics Letters, 2014, vol. 105, article number 024105.

33. M. Mehta, A. De, and T. DebRoy, Material adhesion and stresses on friction stir welding tool pins, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2014, vol. 19, issue: 6, pp. 534-540.

34. V. Manvatkar, A. De, and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and material flow during laser assisted multi-layer additive manufacturing, Journal of Applied Physics, 2014, vol. 116, issue: 12, article number 124905.

35. T. J. Lienert, P. Burgardt, K. L. Harada, R. T. Forsyth, and T. DebRoy, Weld bead center line shift during laser welding of austenitic stainless steels with different sulfur content, Scripta Materialia, 2014, vol. 71, pp. 37-40.

36. A. De, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, and T. DebRoy, Friction stir welding of mild steel: Tool durability and steel microstructure, Materials Science and Technology, 2014, vol. 30(9), pp. 1050-1056.

37. R. Martukanitz, P. Michaleris, T. A. Palmer, T. DebRoy, Zi-Kui Liu, R. Otis, T. W. Heo, and L. Q. Chen, Toward an integrated computational system for describing the additive manufacturing process for metallic materials, Additive Manufacturing, 2014, vol. 1-4, pp. 52–63.

38. J. J. Blecher, T. A. Palmer, and T. DebRoy, Solidification map of a nickel-base alloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2014, vol. 45A, pp. 2142-2151.

39. J. J. Blecher, C. M. Galbraith, C. Van Vlack, T. A. Palmer, J. M. Fraser, P. J. L. Webster, and T. DebRoy, Real time monitoring of laser beam welding keyhole depth by laser interferometry, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2014, vol. 19, pp. 560-564.

40. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, S. A. David, T. DebRoy, and E. Leighton, Development of Ir-based alloy tool for FSW paper wins the inaugural science and technology of welding and joining best paper prize, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2014, issue 7, vol. 19, pp. 1-1.

41. A. Raghavan, H. L. Wei, T. A. Palmer, and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow in additive manufacturing, Journal of Laser Applications, 2013, 25(5), paper # 052006.

42. A. De and T. DebRoy, Recent Advances in the Quantitative understanding of friction stir welding, The Patton Welding Journal, 2013, vol. 10-11, pp. 44-48.

43. M. Mehta, A. De and T. DebRoy, Probing load bearing capacity of circular and non-circular tool pins in friction stir welding, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, Chicago, Il, Edited by T. DebRoy, S. A. David, J. N. DuPont, T. Koseki, and H. K.D.H. Bhadeshia, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2013, pp. 563-571.

44. A. Raghavan, T.A. Palmer, T. DebRoy, Mathematical modeling of laser micro-welding of photovoltaic devices, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, Chicago, Il, Edited by T. DebRoy, S. A. David, J. N. DuPont, T. Koseki, and H. K.D.H. Bhadeshia, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2013, pp. 635-640.

45. J. J. Blecher, T.A. Palmer, T. DebRoy, Mathematical modeling of the heat and mass transport during laser processing of silicon, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, Chicago, Il, Edited by T. DebRoy, S. A. David, J. N. DuPont, T. Koseki, H. K. D. H Bhadeshia, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2013, pp. 983-988.

46. A. Raghavan, T. A. Palmer, A. Domask, S. Mohney, E. W. Reutzel, T. DebRoy, Role of processing parameters on morphology, resistance and composition of laser fired contacts, Conference on Laser Material Processing for Solar Energy Devices II, Proceedings of SPIE, edited by E. W. Reutzel, 2013, vol. 8826, article number UNSP 882606.

47. M.A. Valiente-Bermejo, L. Karlsson and T. DebRoy, Influence of low energy laser welding on solidification and microstructure of austenitic stainless steel welds, Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference, Gothenburg, 26-28, August 2013, pp. 3-14.

48. J. J. Blecher, T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Laser silicon interaction for selective emitter formation in photovoltaics part I: numerical model and validation, Journal of Applied Physics, 2012, vol. 112, article #114906.

49. J. J. Blecher, T. A. Palmer, E. W. Reutzel and T. DebRoy, Laser silicon interaction for selective emitter formation in photovoltaics part II: model applications, Journal of Applied Physics, 2012, vol. 112, article # 114907.

50. A. Raghavan, T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Evolution of laser-fired aluminum-silicon contact geometry in photovoltaic devices, Journal of Applied Physics, 2012, vol. 111, article # 024903.

51. T. DebRoy, A. De, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, V. D. Manvatkar, and A. Arora, Tool durability maps for friction stir welding of an aluminium alloy, Proceedings of the Royal Society A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2012, vol. 468, pp. 3552-3570.

52. V. D. Manvatkar, A. Arora, A. De, and T. DebRoy, Neural network models of peak temperature, torque, traverse force, bending stress and maximum shear stress during friction stir welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2012, vol. 17(6) pp. 460-466.

53. A. Arora, M. Mehta, A. De, and T. DebRoy, Load bearing capacity of tool pin during friction stir welding, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2012, vol. 61, pp. 911-920.

54. P. S. Wei, C. L. Lin, H. J. Liu, and T. DebRoy, Scaling weld or melt pool shape affected by thermocapillary convection with high Prandtl numbers, Journal of Heat Transfer - Transactions of the ASME, 2012, vol. 134(4), Article Number: 042101.

55. P. S. Wei, K. C. Chuang, J. S. Ku and T. DebRoy, Mechanisms of spiking and humping in keyhole welding, IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2012 vol. 2(3), pp. 383-394.

56. A. Raghavan, J. J. Blecher, T. A. Palmer, E. W. Reutzel and T. DebRoy, Modeling of contact geometry and dopant profile during laser silicon interaction, Laser Material Processing for Solar Energy, Proceedings of SPIE, Edited by E. W. Reutzel, 2012, vol. 8473, Article Number: 847304.

57. B. Ribic, S. Tsukamoto, R. Rai, and T. DebRoy, Role of surface active elements during keyhole mode laser welding, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2011, vol. 44(48), article # 485203.

58. B. Ribic, P. Burgardt, T. DebRoy, Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Metal Vapor Dominated Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Plasma, Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, vol. 109(8), article #083301.

59. M. Mehta, A. Arora, A. De and T. DebRoy, Tool Geometry for Friction Stir Welding - Optimum Shoulder Diameter, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2011, vol. 42A(9), pp. 2716-2722.

60. P. S. Wei, K. C. Chuang, T. DebRoy, J. S. Ku, Scaling of spiking and humping in keyhole welding, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2011, vol. 44(24), article # 245501.

61. A. Arora, T. DebRoy and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, Back-of-the-envelope calculations in friction stir welding - velocities, peak temperature, torque, and hardness, Acta Materialia, 2011, vol. 59(5), pp. 2020-2028.

62. A. Arora, A. De and T. DebRoy, Toward optimum friction stir welding tool shoulder diameter, Scripta Materialia, 2011, vol. 64 (1), pp. 9-12.

63. L. Zhao, S. Tsukamoto, G. Arakane, T. Sugino, and T. DebRoy, Influence of oxygen on weld geometry in fibre laser and fibre laser - GMA hybrid welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2011, vol. 16(2), pp. 166-173.

64. A. De and T. DebRoy, A perspective on residual stresses in welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2011, vol. 16(3), pp. 204-208.

65. S.A. David, T. DebRoy, H. K. D. H Bhadeshia, 1000 gems: celebration of STWJ, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2011, vol. 16(4), pp. 285-287.

66. R. Rai, A. De, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and T. DebRoy, Review: Friction stir welding tools, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2011, vol. 16(4), pp. 325-342.

67. S. V. Prasad, T. K. Renk, P. G. Kotula and T. DebRoy, Synthesis of nanocomposite thin films with self-assembled structures by pulsed ion beam ablation of MoS2 target, Materials Letters, 2011, vol. 65(1), pp. 4-6.

68. T. DebRoy, Numerical Modeling of Fusion Welding Processes – A Critical Assessment, Proceedings of the First Interquadrennial ICF Conference in Middle East and Africa on Processing, Performance and Failure Analysis of Engineering Materials, A. M. El-Batahgy and M. Waly, Editors, organized by International Congress on Fracture, Luxor, Egypt, November 14-17, 2011, pp. 1-16.

69. T. D. Anderson, J. N. DuPont and T. DebRoy, Origin of stray grain formation in superalloy weld pools from heat transfer and fluid flow modeling, Acta Materialia, 2010, vol. 58(4), pp. 1441-1454.

70. A. Arora, G. G. Roy and T. DebRoy, Cooling rate correlation in the 800°C to 500°C temperature range through dimensional analysis, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2010, vol 15(5), pp. 423-427.

71. T. D. Anderson, J. N. DuPont and T. DebRoy, Stray grain formation in welds of single crystal Ni-base superalloy CMSX-4, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2010, vol. 41A(1), pp. 181-193.

72. T. DebRoy and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, Friction stir welding of dissimilar alloys – a perspective, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2010, vol. 15(4), pp. 266-270.

73. T. DebRoy, A. Arora, G. G. Roy and A. De, Advances and promises of weld pool convective heat transfer calculations, Numerical Analysis of Weldability 9, Edited by H. Cerjak and N. Enzinger, Technical University of Graz, 2010, pp. 3-20.

74. S. C. Kuo, P. S. Wei, T. DebRoy Entrainment Effects on Annular Flow in a Keyhole with Free Surface, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Multi Phase Flow, Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, vol. 1207, Edited by L. Guo, D. D. Joseph, Y. Matsumoto, M. Sommerfield and Y. Wang, American Institute of Physics, 2010, pp. 557-562.

75. P. S. Wei, C. N. Ting, J. S. Yeh, T. DebRoy, F. K. Chung, and G. H. Yan, Origin of Wavy Weld Boundary, Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, vol. 105 (5), article # 053508.

76. R. Rai, P. Burgardt, J. O. Milewski, T. J. Lienert and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow during electron beam welding of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn Steel and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2009, vol. 42, article # 025503.

77. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and T. DebRoy, Critical assessment – friction stir welding of Steels, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2009, vol. 14(3), pp. 193-196.

78. R. Rai, T.A. Palmer, J.W. Elmer and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow during electron beam welding of 304l stainless steel alloy, Welding Journal, 2009, vol. 88(3), pp. 54s-61s.

79. S. Bag, A. De and T. DebRoy, A genetic algorithm-assisted inverse convective heat transfer model for tailoring weld geometry, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2009, vol. 24 (3), pp. 384-397.

80. Arora, G. G. Roy, and T. DebRoy, Unusual wavy weld pool boundary from dimensional analysis, Scripta Materialia, 2009, vol. 60, pp. 68-71.

81. A. Arora, R. Nandan, A. P. Reynolds, and T. DebRoy, Torque, power requirement and stir zone geometry in friction stir welding through modeling and experiments, Scripta Materialia, 2009, vol. 60, pp. 13-16.

82. P.S. Wei, J. S. Yeh, C.N. Ting, T. DebRoy and F. K. Chung, The effects of Prandtl number on wavy weld boundary, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, vol. 52 (15-16), pp. 3790-3798.

83. B. Ribic, T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Problems and issues in laser-arc hybrid welding, International Materials Reviews, 2009, vol. 54(4), pp. 223-244.

84. A. Arora, Z. Zhang, A. De, and T. DebRoy, Strains and strain rates during friction stir welding, Scripta Materialia, 2009, vol. 61, pp. 863-866.

85. R. Nandan, T. DebRoy, B. Prabu and A. De, Tailoring friction stir welds of aluminum alloys using a differential evolution and a transport phenomena based model, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. N. DuPont, T. Koseki, and H. B. Smartt, editors, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2009, pp. 542-548.

86. B. D. Ribic, R. Rai, T.A. Palmer, and T. DebRoy, Arc-laser interactions and heat transfer and fluid flow in hybrid welding, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. N. DuPont, T. Koseki, and H. B. Smartt, editors, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2009, pp. 313-320.

87. T. Anderson, J. DuPont and T. DebRoy, Repair welding of Ni-base single crystals, safety and reliability of welded components in energy and processing industry, Proceedings of the IIW International Conference, held in Graz, Austria, 10-11 July 2008, Edited by P. Mayr, G. Posch and H. Cerjak, Verlag der Technischen Universitat Graz, Graz, Austria, 2009, pp. 257-264.

88. S. C. Kuo, P. S. Wei and T. DebRoy, The effects of Mach number on keyhole shape in high intensity beam welding or drilling, Proceedings of the ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, ASME, Manufact Engn Div West Lafayette, IN, OCT 04-07, 2009, vol 1, pp 747-751.

89. R. Nandan, T. DebRoy and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, Recent advances in friction-stir welding - process, weldment structure and properties, Progress in Materials Science, 2008, vol. 53, pp. 980-1023.

90. S. Mishra, T. J. Lienert, M. Q. Johnson and T. DebRoy, An experimental and theoretical study of gas tungsten arc welding of stainless steel plates with different sulfur concentrations, Acta Materialia, 2008, vol. 56(9), pp. 2133-2146.

91. R. Rai, S. M. Kelly, R. P. Martukanitz and T. DebRoy, A convective heat-transfer model for partial and full penetration keyhole mode laser welding of a structural steel, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2008, vol. 39A(1), pp. 98-112.

92. J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, W. Zhang and T. DebRoy, Time resolved X-ray diffraction observations of phase transformations in transient arc welds, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2008, vol. 13(3), pp. 265-277.

93. R. Nandan, T. J. Lienert and T. DebRoy, Toward reliable calculations of heat and plastic flow during friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, International Journal of Materials Research, 2008, vol. 99(4), pp. 434-444.

94. B. Ribic, R. Rai and T. DebRoy, Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in GTA/laser hybrid welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2008, vol. 13(8), pp. 683-693.

95. R. Nandan and T. DebRoy, Genetic Algorithm Improves Reliability of Heat Transfer and Material Flow Models of Friction Stir Welding, Proceedings of the Symposium on Innovations in Welding and Joining for a New Era in Manufacturing, held in Kyoto, Japan, 16-18 November 2008, Edited by Y. Hirata and M. Tanaka, Japan Welding Society, paper #FW2-5.

96. T. Anderson, J. DuPont and T. DebRoy, Orientation Imaging Microscopy of Stray Grain Formation in Single Crystal Weld Structures, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 14, Supplement S2, Aug 2008, pp 40-41.

97. R. Nandan, G. G. Roy, T. J. Lienert and T. DebRoy, Three-dimensional heat and material flow during friction stir welding of mild steel, Acta Materialia, 2007, vol. 55, pp. 883-895.

98. R. Rai, J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow during keyhole mode laser welding of tantalum, ti-6al-4v, 304l stainless steel and vanadium, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2007, vol. 40, pp. 5753-5766.

99. R. Rai, G.G. Roy, T. DebRoy, A computationally efficient model of convective heat transfer and solidification characteristics during keyhole mode laser welding, Journal of Applied Physics, 2007, vol. 101, article #054909.

100. R. Nandan, B. Prabu, A. De, and T. DebRoy, Improving reliability of heat transfer and materials flow calculations during friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys, Welding Journal, 2007, vol. 86, pp. 313S-322S.

101. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, Tailoring gas tungsten arc weld geometry using a genetic algorithm and a neural network trained with convective heat flow calculations, Materials Science and Engineering A - Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2007, vol. 454, pp. 477-486.

102. A. Kumar and T. Debroy, Tailoring fillet weld geometry using a genetic algorithm and a neural network trained with convective heat flow calculations, Welding Journal, 2007, vol. 86(1), pp. 26S-33S.

103. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow during gas-metal-arc fillet welding for various joint configurations and welding positions, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2007, vol. 38A, pp. 506-519.

104. R. Nandan, S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, Tailoring GTA Weld Attributes and Improving Reliability of Heat Transfer and Materials Flow Calculations during Gas Tungsten Arc and Friction Stir Welding, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 8, edited by H. Cerjak, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and E. Kozeschnik, Verlag der Technischen Universitat Graz, Austria, 2007, pp. 505-530.

105. T. Anderson, J. DuPont, T. DebRoy, Laser Weld Repair of Single Crystal Ni-base Superalloys, Proceedings of the Joining and Advanced and Specialty Materials IX, MS&T '07, 16 – 20 September, 2007.

106. B. Prabu, R. Nandan, A. De and T. DebRoy, Toward quantitative understanding of friction stir welding – a vital new technology for aluminum industry, Proceedings of an International Conference on Aluminum, held in Hyderabad, India, 21-23 November 2007, S. Subramanium and D. H. Sastry, Editors, Published by Aluminum Association of India, 2007, pp. 371-390.

107. R. Nandan, G. G. Roy, and T. DebRoy, Numerical simulation of three-dimensional heat transfer and plastic flow during friction stir welding, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 1247-1259.

108. G. G. Roy, J. W. Elmer and T. DebRoy, Mathematical modeling of heat transfer, fluid flow, and solidification during linear welding with a pulsed laser beam, Journal of Applied Physics, 2006, vol. 100(3), article #034903.

109. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, Non-isothermal grain growth in metals and alloys, Materials Science and Technology, 2006, vol. 22(3), pp. 253-278.

110. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, A genetic algorithm and gradient-descent-based neural network with the predictive power of a heat and fluid flow model for welding, Welding Journal, 2006, vol. 85(11), pp. 231S-242S.

111. X. He, J. T. Norris, P. W. Fuerschbach, and T. DebRoy, Liquid metal expulsion during laser spot welding of 304 stainless steel, Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 2006, vol. 39(3), pp. 525-534.

112. R. Rai and T. DebRoy, Tailoring weld geometry during keyhole mode laser welding using a genetic algorithm and a heat transfer model, Journal of Physics, D: Applied Physics, 2006, vol. 39(6), pp. 1257-1266.

113. A. De and T. DebRoy, Improving reliability of heat and fluid flow calculation during conduction mode laser spot welding by multivariable optimization, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2006, vol. 11(2), pp. 143-153.

114. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Toward a unified model to prevent humping defects in gas tungsten arc welding, Welding Journal, 2006, vol. 85(12), pp. 292S-304S.

115. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Neural network model of heat and fluid flow in gas metal arc fillet welding based on genetic algorithm and conjugate gradient optimisation, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2006, vol. 11(1), pp. 106-119.

116. R. Nandan, G. G. Roy, T. J. Lienert, and T. DebRoy, Numerical modelling of three dimensional plastic flow and heat transfer during friction stir welding of stainless steel, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2006, vol. 11(5), pp. 526-537.

117. G. G. Roy, R. Nandan, and T. DebRoy, Dimensionless correlation to estimate peak temperature during friction stir welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2006, 11(5), pp. 606-608.

118. J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, and T. DebRoy, In-Situ observations of phase transformations during welding of 1045 steel using spatially resolved and time resolved X-ray diffraction, Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes - XI, editors C-A Gandin and M. Billet, TMS (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society), Warrendale, PA, pp. 41-51, 2006.

119. S. Mishra, S. Chakraborty, and T. DebRoy, A transport phenomena based model to prevent liquation cracking in aluminum alloy welds, Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 35-40.

120. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Reliable modeling of heat and fluid flow in gas-metal-arc fillet welds through optimization of uncertain variables, Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 85-90.

121. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Transport phenomena and genetic algorithm based window of welding variables to achieve a target gas metal arc fillet weld geometry, Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 91-96.

122. X. He, J. T. Norris, P. W. Fuerschbach, and T. DebRoy, Alloying element vaporization and liquid metal expulsion during laser microjoining of stainless steel with short pulse, Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 109-114.

123. J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, W. Zhang, and T. DebRoy, Advanced techniques for in-situ monitoring of phase transformations during welding using synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction, Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 901-910.

124. W. Zhang, T. A. Palmer, J. W. Elmer, and T. DebRoy, Ferrite formation in a duplex stainless steel during controlled heating: X-ray diffraction and modeling using para-equilibrium diffusion kinetics, Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 939-944.

125. S. Mishra, A. Kumar, T. DebRoy, and J. W. Elmer, Genetic algorithm based optimization of Johnson Mehl Avrami equation parameters for ferrite to austenite transformation in steel welds, Trends in Welding Research: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Pine Mountain, GA, Edited by S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. Vitek, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2006, pp. 1001-1006.

126. R. Rai, S. M. Kelly, R. P. Martukanitz and T. DebRoy, Experimental and Computational Investigation of Fusion Zone Geometries during Autogenous Key Hole Mode Laser Welds, Proceedings of the 25th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2006, pp. 515-524.

127. A. Kumar, W. Zhang and T. DebRoy, Improving reliability of modeling heat and fluid flow in complex gas-metal-arc fillet welds – Part I: An engineering physics model, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 38, pp. 119-126.

128. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Improving reliability of modeling heat and fluid flow in complex gas-metal-arc fillet welds – Part II: Application to welding of steel, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 38, pp. 127-134.

129. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Tailoring complex weld geometry through reliable heat transfer and fluid flow calculations and a genetic algorithm, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2005, vol. 36A, pp. 2725-2735.

130. X. He, J. Elmer and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow in laser microwelding, Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 97, article# 84909.

131. S. Mishra, S. Chakraborty and T. DebRoy, Probing liquation cracking and solidification through modeling of momentum, heat and solute transport during welding of aluminum alloys, Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 97, article# 94912.

132. A. Kumar, S. Mishra, J. W. Elmer and T. DebRoy, Optimization of Johnson Mehl Avarami equation parameters for -ferrite to -austenite transformation in steel welds using a genetic algorithm, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2005, vol. 36A, pp. 15-22.

133. A. De and T. DebRoy, Reliable calculations of heat and fluid flow during conduction mode laser welding through optimization of uncertain parameters, Welding Journal, 2005, vol. 84(7) , pp. 101s to 112s.

134. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, A computational procedure for finding multiple solutions of convective heat transfer equations, Journal of Physics, D - Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 38, pp. 2977-2985.

135. W. Zhang, J. W. Elmer and T. DebRoy, Integrated modeling of thermal cycles, austenite formation, grain growth and decomposition in the heat affected zone of carbon steel, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2005, 10(5), pp. 574-582.

136. W. Zhang, T. DebRoy, T. A. Palmer and J. W. Elmer, Modeling of ferrite formation in a duplex stainless steel weld considering non-uniform starting microstructure, Acta Materialia, 2005, vol. 53(16) pp. 4441-4453.

137. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, A heat transfer and fluid flow based model to obtain a specific weld geometry using various combinations of welding variables, Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 98, article number 044902.

138. A. Kumar, W. Zhang, C.-H. Kim and T. DebRoy, A smart bi-directional model of heat transfer and free surface flow in gas metal arc fillet welding for practicing engineers, Welding in the World, 2005, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 32-48.

139. J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, S. S. Babu, W. Zhang, T. DebRoy, In-situ observations of phase transformations in the fusion zone of Ti-6Al-4V alloy transient welds using synchrotron radiation, Mathematical Modeling of weld Phenomena 7, edited by H. Cerjak, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and E. Kozeschnik, Verlag der Technischen Universitat Graz, Austria, pp. 343-361, 2005.

140. W. Zhang, C. H. Kim, and T. DebRoy, Heat and fluid flow in complex joints during gas metal arc welding - part I: Numerical model of fillet welding, Journal of Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 95, pp. 5210-5219.

141. W. Zhang, C. H. Kim, and T. DebRoy, Heat and fluid flow in complex joints during gas metal arc welding - part II: Application to fillet welding of mild steel, Journal of Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 95, pp. 5220-5229.

142. A. De and T. DebRoy, A smart model to estimate effective thermal conductivity and viscosity in the weld pool, Journal of Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 95(9), pp. 5230-5240.

143. J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, S. S. Babu, W. Zhang and T. DebRoy, Phase transformation dynamics during welding of Ti-6Al-4V, Journal of Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 95(12), pp. 8327-8339.

144. X. He, T. DebRoy, and P. W. Fuerschbach, Composition change of stainless steel during microjoining with short laser pulse, Journal of Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 96(8), pp. 4547-4555.

145. A. De and T. DebRoy, Probing unknown welding parameters from convective heat transfer calculation and multivariable optimization, Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 37(1), pp. 140-150.

146. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, Grain topology in Ti-6Al-4V welds - Monte Carlo simulation and experiments, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2004, vol. 37, pp. 2191-2196.

147. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, Measurements and monte carlo simulation of grain growth in the heat-affected zone of Ti-6Al-4V welds, Acta Materialia, 2004, vol. 52(5), pp. 1183-1192.

148. J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, S. S. Babu, W. Zhang and T. DebRoy, Direct observations of austenite, bainite, and martensite formation during arc welding of 1045 steel using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, Welding Journal, 2004, vol. 83(9), pp. 244s-253s.

149. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Guaranteed fillet weld geometry from heat transfer model and multivariable optimization, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, vol. 47(26), pp. 5793-5806.

150. H. Guo, R. Martukanitz and T. DebRoy, Laser assisted cleaning of oxide films on SUS409 stainless steel, Journal of Laser Applications, 2004, vol. 16(4), pp. 236-244.

151. T. DebRoy, Computer modeling - an emerging tool for welding engineers to achieve structurally sound and reliable welds, Proceedings of the International Conference on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VI, Pittsburgh, T. J. Lienert, V. L. Acoff, P.W. Hochanadel and J. N. DuPont, Editors, Published by ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, pp. 1-10, 2004.

152. X. He, T. DebRoy and P. Fuerschbach, Probing temperature during laser spot welding from vapor composition and modeling, Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 94(10), pp. 6949-6958.

153. C. H. Kim, W. Zhang, and T. DebRoy, Modeling of temperature field and solidified surface profile during gas-metal arc fillet welding, Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 94, pp. 2667-2679.

154. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Calculation of three-dimensional electromagnetic force field during arc welding, Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 94(2), pp. 1267-1277.

155. H. Zhao and T. DebRoy, Macroporosity free aluminum alloy weldments through numerical simulation of keyhole mode laser welding, Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 93, pp. 10089-10096.

156. R. Trivedi, S. A. David, M. A. Eshelman, J. M. Vitek, S. S. Babu, T. Hong, and T. DebRoy, In situ observations of weld pool solidification using transparent metal-analog systems, Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 93, pp. 4885-4895.

157. W. Zhang, G. G. Roy, J. W. Elmer, and T. DebRoy, Modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow during gas tungsten arc spot welding of low carbon steel, Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 93(5), pp. 3022-3033.

158. X. He, T. DebRoy, and P. W. Fuerschbach, Alloying element vaporization during laser spot welding of stainless steel, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 36, pp. 3079-3088.

159. X. He, P. W. Fuerschbach, and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow during laser spot welding of 304 stainless steel, Journal of Physics D - Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 36, pp. 1388-1398.

160. J. W. Elmer, T. A. Palmer, W. Zhang, B. Wood, and T. DebRoy, Kinetic modeling of phase transformations occurring in the HAZ of C-Mn steel welds based on direct observations, Acta Materialia, 2003, vol. 51(12), pp. 3333-3349.

161. T. Hong and T. DebRoy, Nonisothermal growth and dissolution of inclusions in liquid steels, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2003, vol. 34, pp. 267-269.

162. T. DebRoy, Organized Research and Development in Welding – Needs and Promises, Australasian Journal of Welding, 2003, vol. 40(2), p.2.

163. T. DebRoy, Computational Modeling: A Path to Expand the Knowledge Base in Fusion Welding, Indian Welding Journal, 2003, vol. 36 (3), pp. 59-66.

164. A. Kumar and T. DebRoy, Numerical simulation of electromagnetically driven flow in the weld pool during arc welding, 2003 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2003-43698), Washington, D.C., November 16-21, 2003. Proceedings of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division – 2003, Editors: Asif H. Arastu, George Papadopoulos and Dennis Siginer, Book Number I00685, FED-Vol. 259, p. 833

165. H. Zhao and T. DebRoy, Computer modeling of keyhole mode laser welding to avoid macro-porosity, Trends in Welding Research, S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. C. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. M. Vitek, (Editors), ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2003, pp. 118-123.

166. W. Zhang, J. W. Elmer and T. DebRoy, Modeling of ferrite to austenite transformation and real time mapping of phases during GTA welding of 1005 steel, Trends in Welding Research, S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. C. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. M. Vitek, (Editors), ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2003, pp. 180-185.

167. S. Mishra and T. DebRoy, Grain growth in the heat-affected zone of Ti-6Al-4V welds: measurements and three dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, Trends in Welding Research, S. A. David, T. DebRoy, J. C. Lippold, H. Smartt, and J. M. Vitek, (Editors), ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2003, pp. 197-202.

168. W. Zhang, J. W. Elmer, and T. DebRoy, Kinetics of ferrite to austenite transformation during welding of 1005 steel, Scripta Materialia, 2002, vol. 46(10), pp. 753-757.

169. W. Zhang, J. W. Elmer, and T. DebRoy, Modeling and real time mapping of phases during GTA welding of 1005 steel, Materials Science and Engineering A - Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2002, vol. 333, pp. 320-335.

170. T. Debroy, H. Zhao, W. Zhang, and G. G. Roy, "Weld pool heat and fluid flow in probing weldment characteristics," in Mathematical modelling of weld phenomena 6, H. Cerjak, Ed., ed, 2002, pp. 21-42.

171. W. Zhang and T. DebRoy, Modeling of solidified free surface profile during GMA welding, in “Mathematical Modeling and Information Technology in Welding and Related Processes”, Conference Proceedings Edited by V. I. Makhnenko, Publisher: Patton Electric Welding Institute of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine, 2002, pp. 24-30.

172. T. Hong and T. DebRoy, Effects of time, temperature, and steel composition on growth inclusions in liquid and dissolution of steels, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2001, vol. 28(6), pp. 450-454.

173. S. Sista and T. Debroy, Three-dimensional monte carlo simulation of grain growth in zone-refined iron, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 1195-1201.

174. H. Zhao and T. DebRoy, Weld metal composition change during conduction mode laser welding of aluminum alloy 5182, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 163-172.

175. A. Robert and T. DebRoy, Geometry of laser spot welds from dimensionless numbers, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 941-947.

176. H. Zhao and T. DebRoy, Pore formation during laser beam welding of die-cast magnesium alloy AM60B - mechanism and remedy, Welding Journal, 2001, vol. 80(8), pp. 204s-210s.

177. T. Hong and T. DebRoy, Time-temperature-transformation diagrams for the growth and dissolution of inclusions in liquid steels, Scripta Materialia, 2001, vol. 44, pp. 847-852.

178. T. DebRoy and S. Kou, Heat flow in welding, Chapter 3, Welding Handbook, vol. 1, 9th Edition, American Welding Society, 2001, pp. 87-113.

179. T. DebRoy, Mathematical modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer in fusion welding, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 5, Edited by H. Cerjak and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, The Institute of Materials, London, 2001, pp. 1-20.

180. T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Modeling of nitrogen dissolution during GTA welding of iron and steels, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 5, Edited by H. Cerjak and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, The Institute of Materials, London, 2001, pp. 95-122.

181. T. A. Palmer and T. Debroy, Numerical modeling of enhanced nitrogen dissolution during gas tungsten arc welding, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2000, vol. 31(6), pp. 1371-1385.

182. Z. Yang, S. Sista, J. W. Elmer, and T. DebRoy, Three dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of grain growth during GTA welding of titanium, Acta Materialia, 2000, vol. 48, pp. 4813-4825.

183. S. Sista, Z. Yang, and T. Debroy, Three-dimensional monte carlo simulation of grain growth in the heat-affected zone of a 2.25 Cr-1 Mo steel weld, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2000, vol. 31, pp. 529-536.

184. T. Hong, T. Debroy, S. S. Babu, and S. A. David, Modeling of inclusion growth and dissolution in the weld pool, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2000, vol. 31, pp. 161-169.

185. M. Pastor, H. Zhao and T. DebRoy, Continuous wave - Nd: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser welding of AM60B magnesium alloy, Journal of Laser Applications, 2000, vol. 12(3), pp. 91-100.

186. S.A. David, S.S. Babu, J.M. Vitek, and T. DebRoy, Advances In welding science and technology: a north American perspective, the International Institute of Welding, Asian Pacific International Congress, Melbourne, Australia 29 October - 2 November, 2000, published by: IIW New Zealand Institute of Welding and Welding Technology Institute of Australia (WTIA), pp. 1-9.

187. Z. Yang, J. W. Elmer, J. Wang and T. DebRoy, A combined modeling and experimental study of microstructural evolution in Titanium arc welds, Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials II, M. Singh, J.E. Indacochea, K. Ikeuchi, and J. Martinez-Fernandez (Editors), ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2000.

188. Z. Yang, J. W. Elmer, J. Wong, and T. DebRoy, Evolution of titanium arc weldment macro and microstructures - modeling and real time mapping of phases, Welding Journal, 2000, vol. 79(4), pp. 97S-112S.

189. M. Pastor, H. L. Zhao, and T. DebRoy, Pore formation during CW Nd : Yag laser welding of aluminum alloys for automotive applications, Revista De Metalurgia, 2000, vol. 36, pp. 108-117.

190. Z. Yang and T. DebRoy, Modeling macro-and microstructures of gas-metal-arc welded HSLA-100 steel, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 1999, vol. 30, pp. 483-493.

191. H. Zhao, D. R. White, and T. DebRoy, Current issues and problems in laser welding of automotive aluminium alloys, International Materials Reviews, 1999, vol. 44 (6), pp. 238-266.

192. S. S. Babu, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, K. Mundra and T. DebRoy, Model for inclusion formation in low alloy steel welds, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 1999, vol. 4(5), pp. 276-284.

193. J. M. Ryder, Z. Yang, T. DebRoy, and P. R. Howell, A quantitative analysis of the microstructures developed in an HSLA 100 Weld Metal, Microstructural Science, 1999, vol. 26, pp. 313-319.

194. M. Pastor, H. Zhao, R. P. Martukanitz, and T. DebRoy, Porosity, underfill and magnesium loss during continuous wave Nd: YAG laser welding of thin plates of aluminum alloys 5182 and 5754, Welding Journal, 1999, vol. 78(6), pp. 207s-216s.

195. S. S. Babu, S. A. David, T. Hong, and T. DebRoy, Effect of fluid flow on inclusion coarsening in low-alloy steel welds, Proceedings of a Conference on “Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing” held during the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, February 28 – March 4, 1999, N. El-Kaddah, Editor, published by TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1999, pp. 221-228.

196. T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Nitrogen dissolution calculations during GTA welding of steels, Trends in Welding Research, J. M. Vitek, S. A. David, J. A. Johnson, H. Smartt, and T. DebRoy (Editors), ASM International and American Welding Society, Materials Park, Ohio, May 1999, pp. 25-30.

197. Z. Yang and T. DebRoy, Modeling geometry and structure of gas-metal-arc welded HSLA-100 steel, Trends in Welding Research, J. M. Vitek, S. A. David, J. A. Johnson, H. Smartt, and T. DebRoy (Editors), ASM International and American Welding Society, Materials Park, Ohio, May 1999, pp. 167-172.

198. S. S. Babu, S. A. David, and T. DebRoy, Inclusion formation in low alloy steel welds, Trends in Welding Research, J. M. Vitek, S. A. David, J. A. Johnson, H. Smartt, and T. DebRoy (Editors), ASM International and American Welding Society, Materials Park, Ohio, May 1999, pp. 179-184.

199. T. Hong and T. DebRoy, Oxide Inclusions in the weld pool during submerged arc welding of low alloy steel, Trends in Welding Research, J. M. Vitek, S. A. David, J. A. Johnson, H. Smartt, and T. DebRoy (Editors), ASM International and American Welding Society, Materials Park, Ohio, May 1999, pp. 185-190.

200. M. Pastor, H. Zhao, and T. DebRoy, Pore formation and composition change during continuous wave Nd:YAG laser welding of aluminum alloys 5182 and 5754, Trends in Welding Research, J. M. Vitek, S. A. David, J. A. Johnson, H. Smartt, and T. DebRoy (Editors), ASM International and American Welding Society, Materials Park, Ohio, May 1999, pp. 455-460.

201. T. Hong, W. Pitscheneder, and T. DebRoy, Quantitative modelling of motion, temperature gyrations, and growth of inclusions in weld pool, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 1998, vol. 3(1), pp. 33-41.

202. K. P. Abraham and T. DebRoy, Avoiding Porosity in Laser Beam Welded Automotive Aluminum Alloys, Aluminum India, 1998, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 13-18.

203. T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Enhanced dissolution of nitrogen during gas tungsten arc welding of steels, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 1998, vol. 3(4), pp. 190-203.

204. T. DebRoy, Quantitative modeling of geometry, composition, and structure of welds, Proceedings of Taiwan International Welding Conference on Technology Advancements and New Industrial Applications in Welding, September 7-9, 1998, Taipei, Taiwan, Edited by C. L. Tsai and H. L. Tsai, 1998, pp. 143-153.

205. W. Pitscheneder, R. Ebner, T. Hong, T. DebRoy, K. Mundra, and R. Benes, Experimental and numerical investigation of transport phenomena in conduction mode weld pools, Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability, held in Graz-Seggau, Austria, 29 September to 1 October, 1997, published in Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 4, Edited by H. Cerjak and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, The Institute of Materials, London, 1998, pp. 3-25.

206. T. DebRoy, Transport processes in fusion welding, The Era of Materials, Chapter Twenty-four, Edited by S. K. Majumder, R. E. Tressler, and E. W. Miller, The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 1998, pp. 463-485.

207. K. Mundra, J. M. Blackburn, and T. DebRoy, Absorption and transport of hydrogen during gas metal arc welding of low alloy steel, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 1997, vol. 2(4), pp. 174-184.

208. Z. Yang and T. DebRoy, Weld metal microstructure prediction from fundamentals of transport phenomena and phase transformation theory, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 1997, vol. 2(2), pp. 53-58.

209. R. Ebner, W. Pitscheneder, R. Benes, T. DebRoy, and K. Mundra, Laser surface modification of tools, Proceedings of the Second International Austria-Israel Technion Symposium cum Industrial Forum, 4-6 June, 1997, Graz, Austria, published by Austrian Technion Society, Vienna, 1997, pp. 79-93.

210. H. Venugopalan and T. DebRoy, Kinetics of directed oxidation of Al-Mg alloys into Al2O3 preforms, Materials Science and Engineering A - Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 1997, vol. 232, pp. 39-46.

211. M. Pastor, H. Zhao, and T. DebRoy, Porosity and alloying element loss during laser welding of 5754 aluminum alloy, Proceedings of the National Welding Seminar '97, Indian Institute of Welding, held in Bangalore, India, 11-13 December 1997, published by the Indian Institute of Welding, Bangalore, India, pp. 31-46, 1997.

212. T. DebRoy, Modeling of Weld Metal Geometry, Chemical composition and structure in fusion welding of steels, proceedings of the international conference on “Recent Advances in Metallurgical Processes,” Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Eds. D. H. Sastry, E. S. Dwarkadasa, G. N. K. Iyengar, and S. Subramanian, New Age Publishers, New Delhi, 1997, pp. 1001-1010.

213. K. Mundra, T. DebRoy, S. S. Babu, and S. A. David, Weld metal microstructure calculations from fundamentals of transport phenomena in the arc welding of low-alloy steels, Welding Journal, 1997, vol. 76(4), pp. S163-S171.

214. T. A. Palmer, K. Mundra, and T. DebRoy, Nitrogen dissolution in the weld metal - current status and research opportunities, Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability, held in Graz-Seggau, Austria, 25-27 September 1995, in Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 3, Edited by H. Cerjak, The Institute of Materials, pp. 3-40, 1997.

215. W. Pitscheneder, M. Grubock, K. Mundra, T. DebRoy, and R. Ebner, Numerical and experimental investigation of conduction mode laser weld pools, Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability, held in Graz-Seggau, Austria, 25-27 September 1995, published in Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 3, Edited by H. Cerjak, The Institute of Materials, 1997, pp. 41-63.

216. T. DebRoy, Mathematical modeling of geometry, composition, and structure of welds, Proceedings of the Julian Szekely Symposium on Materials Processing, H.Y. Sohn, J.W. Evans, and D. Apelian, Eds., Published by The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 365-79.

217. T. A. Palmer and T. DebRoy, Physical modeling of nitrogen partition between the weld metal and its plasma environment, Welding Journal, 1996, vol. 75(7), pp. S197-S207.

218. S. S. Babu, S. A. David, and T. DebRoy, Coarsening of oxide inclusions in low-alloy steel welds, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 1996, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 17-27.

219. H. Venugopalan and T. DebRoy, Growth stage kinetics in the synthesis of Al2O3/Al composites by directed oxidation of Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Si alloys, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1996, vol. 16, pp. 1351-1363.

220. K. Mundra, T. DebRoy, S. Babu, and S. A. David, Microstructure evaluation in low alloy steel weld metal from convective heat transfer calculations in three dimensions, Trends in Welding Research - Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, Edited by: H. B. Smartt, J. A. Johnson, and S. A. David, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1996, pp. 259-264.

221. T. A. Palmer, K. Mundra, and T. DebRoy, Modeling nitrogen dissolution in metals from welding plasma, Trends in Welding Research - Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, Edited by: H. B. Smartt, J. A. Johnson, and S. A. David, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1996, pp. 141-146.

222. W. Pitscheneder, T. DebRoy, K. Mundra, and R. Ebner, Weld pool geometry during high power conduction mode carbon dioxide laser welding, Trends in Welding Research - Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, Edited by: H. B. Smartt, J. A. Johnson and S. A. David, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1996, pp. 627-632.

223. S. S. Babu, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, K. Mundra, and T. DebRoy, Modeling the formation of oxide inclusions in low-alloy steel welds, Trends in Welding Research - Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, Edited by: H. B. Smartt, J. A. Johnson and S. A. David, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1996, pp. 135-140.

224. K. Mundra, T. DebRoy, and K. M. Kelkar, Numerical prediction of fluid flow and heat transfer in welding with a moving heat source, Numerical Heat Transfer Part A - Applications, 1996, vol. 29, pp. 115-129.

225. W. Pitscheneder, T. DebRoy, K. Mundra, and R. Ebner, Role of sulfur and processing variables on the temporal evolution of weld pool geometry during multikilowatt laser beam welding of steels, Welding Journal, 1996, vol. 75(3), pp. S71-S80.

226. H. Venugopalan and T. Debroy, Metal distribution in alumina/aluminium composites synthesized by directed metal oxidation, Journal of Materials Science, 1996, vol. 31(19), pp. 5101-5108.

227. H. Venugopalan, K. Tankala, and T. DebRoy, Probing the initial stage of synthesis of Al2O3/Al composites by directed oxidation of Al-Mg alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 43-50.

228. H. Venugopalan, K. Tankala, and T. DebRoy, Kinetics of directed oxidation of al-mg alloys in the initial and final stages of synthesis of Al2O3/Al composites, Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 1996, vol. 210, pp. 64-75.

229. W. Pitscheneder, K. Mundra, T. DebRoy, and R. Ebner, Untersuchung von Laser-Schweiszbadern Durch Numerische Simulation und Experimente (Investigation of Laser weld pools by numerical simulation and experiments), DVS Berichte Band 179, (DVS Proceedings, vol. 179) Deutscher Verlag fur Schweitechnik, Dusseldorf, Germany, Edited by M. Stumpf and H. Cerjak, 1996, pp. 68-74.

230. P. Zhang, T. DebRoy, and S. Seetharaman, Interdiffusion in the MgO-Al2O3 spinel with or without some dopants, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 2105-2114.

231. T. DebRoy and S. A. David, Physical Processes in Fusion Welding, Reviews of Modern Physics, 1995, vol. 67(1), pp. 85-112.

232. K. Mundra and T. DebRoy, A general-model for partitioning of gases between a metal and its plasma environment, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 1995, vol. 26, pp. 149-157.

233. T. DebRoy, Interfacial phenomena in numerical analysis of weldability, in Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena II, Edited by H. Cerjak and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, Institute of Materials, London, 1995, pp. 3-21.

234. S. S. Babu, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, K. Mundra, and T. DebRoy, Development of macrostructure and microstructure of carbon-manganese low-alloy steel welds - inclusion formation, Materials Science and Technology, 1995, vol. 11, pp. 186-199.

235. K. Mundra, T. DebRoy, S. S. Babu, S. A. David, and A. J. Paul, Towards predicting weld metal microstructure from fundamentals of transport phenomena, Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on the Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, London, England, 10-15 September, 1995, published in Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, M. Cross and J. Campbell, Editors, TMS Publication, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 31-38.

236. T. Zacharia, J. M. Vitek, J. A. Goldak, T. DebRoy, M. Rappaz, and H. Bhadeshia, Modeling of fundamental phenomena in welds, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 1995, vol. 3, pp. 265-288.

237. P. Zhang, T. DebRoy, and S. Seetharaman, Interdiffusion in the system MgO-Al2O3 and the effect of some dopants on the same, Proceedings of the Symposium on In-situ Reactions for Synthesis of Composites, Ceramics and Intermetallics, edited by E. V. Barrera, S. G. Fishman, F. D. S. Marquis, N. N. Thadhani, W. E. Frazier, and Z. A. Munir, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 111-126.

238. T. DebRoy, Mass transfer in fusion welding - practical implications and case studies, Proceedings of an International Workshop on Trends in Welding, held in Bangalore, India, October 5-7, 1995, Indian Institute of Welding, and Welding Research Institute, India, K. S. S. Murthy, S. Seshan, K. S. Raman, and Y. Simha, Editors, 1995, Paper #11, pp. 1-10.

239. S. A. David, S. S. Babu, J. M. Vitek, and T. DebRoy, Advances in welding science and technology, Proceedings of an International Workshop on Trends in Welding, held in Bangalore, India, October 5-7, 1995, Indian Institute of Welding and Welding Research Institute, India, K.S.S. Murthy, S. Seshan, K. S. Raman and Y. Simha, Editors, 1995, Paper #1, pp. 1-9.

240. T. DebRoy and E. Ryba, A computer-video module for introductory materials science and engineering courses, Journal of Materials Education, 1994, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 269-282.

241. S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, S. S. Babu, and T. DebRoy, Advances in welding science - a perspective, Proceedings of the Forty-second National Welding Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 1994, vol. 2, Paper # 38, Published by Welding Technology Institute of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.

242. T. Debroy, S. Kumar, and K. Tankala, Optical-emissions during plasma-assisted chemical-vapor-deposition of diamond-like carbon-films, Diamond and Related Materials, 1994, vol. 4, pp. 69-75.

243. H. Venugopalan, K. Tankala, and T. DebRoy, Electrical-conductivity of alumina aluminum composites synthesized by directed metal oxidation, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1994, vol. 77(11), pp. 3045-3047.

244. T. DebRoy, A. Bandopadhyay, and R. Roy, Oxide matrix composite by directional oxidation of a commercial aluminum-magnesium alloy, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1994, vol. 77, pp. 1296-1300.

245. S. S. Babu, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, and T. Debroy, The effect of oxide inclusions on the kinetics of the austenite to ferrite transformation in low alloy steel weld metal, Proceedings of an International Conference on Solid - Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials, Edited by W. C. Johnson, J. M. Howe, D. E. Laughlin and W. A. Soffa, The Metals, Minerals and Materials Society of AIME, Warrendale, PA, pp. 213-218, 1994.

246. J. Bygden, T. DebRoy, and S. Seetharaman, Dissolution of MgO in stagnant CaO-FeO-SiO2 slags, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1994, vol. 21(4), pp. 318-323.

247. A. Banerjee and T. DebRoy, Effect of pressure on plasma-assisted chemical-vapor-deposition of silicon oxide(s), Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1994, vol. 77(5), pp. 1366-1368.

248. S. A. David, T. Debroy, and J. M. Vitek, Phenomenological modeling of fusion-welding processes, MRS Bulletin, 1994, vol. 19, pp. 29-35.

249. K. Tankala and T. DebRoy, Transport phenomena in the scale-up of hot filament-assisted chemical-vapor-deposition of diamond, Surface & Coatings Technology, 1993, vol. 62, pp. 349-355.

250. K. Mundra and T. DebRoy, Calculation of weld metal composition change in high-power conduction mode carbon-dioxide laser-welded stainless-steels, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1993, vol. 24, pp. 145-155.

251. K. Mundra and T. DebRoy, Toward understanding alloying element vaporization during laser-beam welding of stainless-steel, Welding Journal, 1993, vol. 72(1), pp. S1-S9.

252. S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, T. Zacharia, and T. DebRoy, Weld pool phenomena, International Institute of Welding, Document # 212-829-93, 1993, also in Physical Aspects of Arc Welding, Proceedings of a symposium in the honor of J. F. Lancaster, Edited by G. den Ouden, International Institute of Welding, Delfts, Uitgevers-Maatschappij, PO Box 2851, 2601 CW Delft, Netherland, pp. 95-112, 1994.

253. E. Breval, A. Bandopadhyay, and T. DebRoy, Directed oxidation of Al-Alloy into sintered Al2O3, Ceramic Transactions, vol. 38, pp. 79-89. (Proceedings of a conference on "Ceramics Matrix Composites", N. P. Bansal, Editor, American Ceramic Society, 95th Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, 18-22 April 1993).

254. C. Onneby, T. DebRoy, and S. Seetharaman, Experimental studies on nitrogen solubility in nd2fe14b alloy in the temperature-range 773-1143 K, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1993, vol. 127(3), pp. 307-314.

255. T. DebRoy, Mass transfer in welding, International Trends in Welding Science and Technology, S. A. David and J. M. Vitek, Editors, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 17-25.

256. A. Banerjee, T. DebRoy, C. Onneby, and M. Small, Nitrogen dissolution in the weld pool, International Trends in Welding Science and Technology, S. A. David and J. M. Vitek, Editors, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 39-44.

257. K. Mundra and T. DebRoy, Modeling of weld metal composition change during laser welding of stainless steels, International Trends in Welding Science and Technology, S. A. David and J. M. Vitek, Editors, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 75-80.

258. T. DebRoy, Interfacial phenomena in metals processing with high energy density beams, Proceedings of the Paul E. Queneau International Symposium, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, 1993, pp. 275-287.

259. S. A. David and T. DebRoy, Current issues and problems in welding science, Science, 1992, vol. 257, pp. 497-502.

260. S. Basu and T. DebRoy, Liquid metal expulsion during laser irradiation, Journal of Applied Physics, 1992, vol. 72(8), pp. 3317-3322.

261. K. Mundra, T. DebRoy, T. Zacharia, and S. A. David, Role of thermophysical properties in weld pool modeling, Welding Journal, 1992, vol. 71(9), pp. 313s-320s.

262. A. Banerjee and T. DebRoy, Optical-emission investigation of the plasma enhanced chemical vapor-deposition of silicon-oxide films, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A -Vacuum Surfaces and Films, 1992, vol. 10, pp. 3395-3400.

263. K. Tankala and T. DebRoy, Modeling of the role of atomic-hydrogen in heat-transfer during hot filament assisted deposition of diamond, Journal of Applied Physics, 1992, vol. 72, pp. 712-718.

264. W. A. Yarbrough, K. Tankala, and T. Debroy, Diamond growth with locally supplied methane and acetylene, Journal of Materials Research, 1992, vol. 7, pp. 379-383.

265. A. Bandopadhyay, A. Banerjee, and T. DebRoy, Nitrogen activity determination in plasmas, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1992, vol. 23, pp. 207-214.

266. T. DebRoy, Weld pool surface phenomena - a perspective, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena, K. E. Easterling and H. Cerjak, editors, Institute of Metals, London, 1992, pp. 24-38.

267. K. Tankala, T. DebRoy, W. A. Yarbrough, and C. J. Robinson, Modeling of substrate surface-temperature distribution during hot-filament assisted diamond deposition, Diamond and Related Materials, 1992, vol. 1, pp. 1177-1184.

268. W. A. Yarbrough, K. Tankala, M. Mecray, and T. DebRoy, Hydrogen assisted heat-transfer during diamond growth using carbon and tantalum filaments, Applied Physics Letters, 1992, vol. 60, pp. 2068-2070.

269. T. DebRoy, S. Basu, and K. Mundra, Probing laser-induced metal vaporization by gas-dynamics and liquid pool transport phenomena, Journal of Applied Physics, 1991, vol. 70(3), pp. 1313-1319.

270. M. J. McNallan and T. DebRoy, Effect of temperature and composition on surface-tension in Fe-Ni-Cr alloys containing sulfur, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1991, vol. 22, pp. 557-560.

271. Q. Gang, W. M. Small, and T. DebRoy, Solution of nitrogen in solid molybdenum, Proceedings of the EPD Congress 91, D. R. Gaskell, Editor, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, pp. 559-576, 1991.

272. K. Tankala and T. DebRoy, Etching of HFCVD diamond films in air, nitrous oxide, and argon, New Diamond Science and Technology, R. Messier, J. T. Glass, J. E. Butler, and R. Roy, editors, MRS Publication, Pittsburgh, 1991, pp. 827-832.

273. T. DebRoy, K. Tankala, W. A. Yarbrough, and H. Li, Species convection and diffusion in the hot filament assisted chemical vapor-deposition of diamond in the presence and absence of applied EMF, New Diamond Science and Technology, R. Messier, J. T. Glass, J. E. Butler, and R. Roy, editors, MRS Publication, Pittsburgh, 1991, pp. 359-364.

274. Y. A. Yarbrough, K. Tankala, and T. DebRoy, Relative importance of different species in the CVD of diamond, New Diamond Science and Technology, R. Messier, J. T. Glass, J. E. Butler, and R. Roy, editors, MRS Publication, Pittsburgh, 1991, pp. 341-346.

275. G. Qi, W. M. Small, and T. DebRoy, Thermochemistry and diffusion of nitrogen in solid molybdenum, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1991, vol. 22, pp. 219-224.

276. K. Tankala, T. Debroy, and M. Alam, Oxidation of diamond films synthesized by hot filament assisted chemical vapor-deposition, Journal of Materials Research, 1990, vol. 5(11), pp. 2483-2489.

277. T. DebRoy, K. Tankala, W. A. Yarbrough, and R. Messier, Role of heat-transfer and fluid-flow in the chemical vapor-deposition of diamond, Journal of Applied Physics, 1990, vol. 68, pp. 2424-2432.

278. R. Miller and T. DebRoy, Energy-absorption by metal-vapor-dominated plasma during carbon-dioxide laser-welding of steels, Journal of Applied Physics, 1990, vol. 68(5), pp. 2045-2050.

279. E. Breval, M. Alam, T. Debroy, and R. Roy, TEM characterization of structural-changes in graphite plates due to pulsed CO2-laser irradiation, Journal of Materials Science Letters, 1990, vol. 9, pp. 1071-1074.

280. T. DebRoy, A. Patankar, and G. Simkovich, Fuming of stannous oxide from silicate melts, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1990, vol. 21, pp. 449-454.

281. T. Zacharia, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, and T. DebRoy, Modeling of interfacial phenomena in welding, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1990, vol. 21, pp. 600-603.

282. T. Zacharia, S.A. David, J.M. Vitek, and T. DebRoy, Modeling the effect of surface-active elements on weld pool fluid-flow, heat-transfer and geometry, Trends in Welding Research, S.A. David and J.M. Vitek, Editors, ASM Publication, 1990, pp. 25-30.

283. T. DebRoy, Interfacial chemistry in welding, Trends in Welding Research, S.A. David and J.M. Vitek, Editors, ASM Publication, 1990, pp. 347-352.

284. M. Alam, T. DebRoy, and R. Roy, Laser-induced calcite aragonite transition, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1990, vol. 73, pp. 733-735.

285. T. Zacharia, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, and T. DebRoy, Heat-transfer during Nd-YAG pulsed laser-welding and its effect on solidification structure of austenitic stainless-steels, Metallurgical Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 1989, vol. 20, pp. 957-967.

286. T. Zacharia, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, and T. DebRoy, Weld pool development during GTA and laser-beam welding of type-304 stainless-steel, .2. Experimental correlation, Welding Journal, 1989, vol. 68, pp. S510-S520.

287. T. Zacharia, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, and T. DebRoy, Weld pool development during gta and laser-beam welding of type-304 stainless-steel .1. Theoretical-analysis, Welding Journal, 1989, vol. 68, pp. S499-S509.

288. R. Miller and T. DebRoy, Plasma temperature, electron density and laser beam transmission through plasma during welding of stainless steels, Laser Materials Processing III, J. Mazumder and K. Mukherjee, Editors, TMS Publication, 1989, pp. 93-105.

289. M. M. Collur and T. DebRoy, Emission-spectroscopy of plasma during laser-welding of AISI 201 stainless-steel, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1989, vol. 20, pp. 277-286.

290. M. Alam, T. Debroy, R. Roy, and E. Breval, Diamond formation in air by the Fedoseev-Derjaguin laser process, Carbon, 1989, vol. 27, pp. 289-294.

291. P. Sahoo, T. DebRoy, and M. J. McNallan, Surface-tension of binary metal - surface-active solute systems under conditions relevant to welding metallurgy, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1988, vol. 19, pp. 483-491.

292. P. Sahoo and T. Debroy, Effect of low-pressure argon plasma on metal vaporization rates, Materials Letters, 1988, vol. 6, pp. 406-408.

293. P. Sahoo, M. M. Collur, and T. DebRoy, Effects of oxygen and sulfur on alloying element vaporization rates during laser-welding, Metallurgical Transactions B - Process Metallurgy, 1988, vol. 19, pp. 967-972.

294. A. Paul and T. DebRoy, Free-surface flow and heat-transfer in conduction mode laser-welding, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1988, vol. 19, pp. 851-858.

295. P. A. A. Khan, T. Debroy, and S. A. David, Laser-beam welding of high-manganese stainless-steels - examination of alloying element loss and microstructural changes, Welding Journal, 1988, vol. 67, pp. S1-S7.

296. M. Alam, T. DebRoy, R. Roy, and E. Breval, High-pressure phases of silica made in air by Fedoseev-Derjaguin laser process, Applied Physics Letters, 1988, vol. 53, pp. 1687-1689.

297. M. Alam, T. Debroy, and R. Roy, Separation of synthetic diamond from carbon-black by oxidation, Carbon, 1988, vol. 26, pp. 591-593.

298. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Nitrogen solubility in solid niobium, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1988, vol. 19, pp. 613-616.

299. A. Paul and T. DebRoy, Prediction of Marangoni convection, heat transfer and surface profiles during laser welding, Modeling and Control of Casting and Welding Processes, IV, A. F. Giamei and G. J. Abbaschian, Editors, TMS Publication, 1988, pp. 421-431.

300. M. Alam, T. DebRoy, A. K. Kulkarni, C. I. Kim, and H.R. Jacobs, Desulfurization of coal-derived char using mixtures of steam and methane, Fuel, 1988, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 1542-1547.

301. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Reaction of molten KCN with CO/CO2 gas mixtures, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1988, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 15-20.

302. M. Alam, T. DebRoy, A.K. Kulkarni, C.I. Kim, and H.R. Jacobs, A novel coal desulfurization process using steam-methane mixtures, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference, September, 1987, pp. 790-799.

303. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, A comparative-study of the roles of KCN and NaCN as catalytic precursors in the Boudouard reaction, Fuel, 1987, vol. 66, pp. 103-112.

304. M. Collur, A. Paul, and T. DebRoy, Mechanism of alloying element vaporization during laser-welding, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1987, vol. 18, pp. 733-740.

305. Paul and T. DebRoy, Role of transport processes in laser welding, Proceedings of the International Welding Conference, New Delhi, India, Indian Institute of Welding Publication, 1987, pp. 1309-1321.

306. P. Sahoo and T. DebRoy, Interfacial-tension between low-pressure argon plasma and molten copper and iron, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1987, vol. 18, pp. 597-601.

307. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Reaction between CO2 and coke doped with NaCN, Carbon, 1987, vol. 25(2), pp. 279-288.

308. A. Paul and T. DebRoy, Heat transfer and fluid flow in laser melted pools, Advances in Welding Science and Technology, S. A. David, Editor, ASM Publication, 1986, pp. 29-33.

309. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Structural effects in the reaction between carbon-dioxide and coke doped with various potassium bearing catalytic precursors, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1986, vol. 17, pp. 565-574.

310. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Effects of KCN and NaCN on coke reactivity and structural changes during Coke-CO2 reaction, Gas-Solid Reactions in Pyrometallurgy, D. G. C. Robertson and H.Y. Sohn, Editors, Proceedings of a Conference held at Purdue University, April 24-25, 1986, pp. 369-393.

311. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Behavior of alkali metal cyanides in the blast furnace - vaporization of NaCN and KCN, Transactions of the Iron and Steel Society of AIME, 1985, vol. 6, pp. 15-22.

312. P. A. A. Khan and T. DebRoy, Absorption of CO2 laser beam by AISI 4340 steel, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1985, vol. 16B, pp. 853-856.

313. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Potassium cyanide as a catalytic precursor in the Coke-CO2 reaction, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1985, vol. 12(5), pp. 203-208.

314. U. B. Pal, T. DebRoy, and G. Simkovich, Oxygen Pressure Dependence of Lead Ion Transport in PbO-SiO2 Melts, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1985, vol. 68(4), pp. C104-105.

315. P.A. A. Khan and T. DebRoy, Determination of weld pool temperature during laser welding of AISI 202 stainless steel, Laser Materials Processing, K. Mukherjee and J. Mazumder, Editors, AIME Publication, Warrendale, PA, 1985, pp. 71-81.

316. T. DebRoy and J. A. Sychterz, Numerical calculation of fluid-flow in a continuous-casting tundish, Metallurgical Transactions B - Process Metallurgy, 1985, vol. 16, pp. 497-504.

317. U. B. Pal, T. DebRoy and G. Simkovich, Electronic and ionic transport in liquid PbO-SiO2 systems, Metallurgical Transactions, B, 1985, vol. 16B, pp. 77-82.

318. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, Reaction of high and low reactivity coke with CO-CO2 mixtures, Transactions of the Iron and Steel Society of AIME, 1985, vol. 5, pp. 7-12.

319. U. B. Pal, T. Debroy, and G. Simkovich, Effects of P2O5 as a surface-active agent on gaseous reduction of PbO-SiO2 melts, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section C-Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 1984, vol. 93, pp. C112-C117.

320. U. Pal, T. Debroy, and G. Simkovich, Electrical-conductivity of PbO-SiO2 liquids containing Pb precipitates, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1984, vol. 23, pp. 295-302.

321. P. A. A. Khan and T. Debroy, Alloying element vaporization and weld pool temperature during laser-welding of AISI 202 stainless-steel, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1984, vol. 15, pp. 641-644.

322. M. Alam and T. DebRoy, The effects of CO and CO2 on the rate of Na2CO3 catalyzed boudouard reaction, Metallurgical Transactions B - Process Metallurgy, 1984, vol. 15, pp. 400-403.

323. A. B. Draper, T. DebRoy, K. Nayamekye, and M. Alam, Cupola output as a function of coke reactivity, Transactions of the American Foundrymens' Society, 1983, vol. 91, pp. 585-592.

324. U. B. Pal, T. DebRoy and G. Simkovich, Interfacial Effects in Gaseous Reduction of PbO-SiO2 Melts, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1983, vol. 14, pp. 693-700.

325. T. DebRoy and A. K. Majumdar, Influence of turbulence model constants and boundary conditions on the computed hydrodynamic variables in gas stirred reactors, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 1983, vol. 7, pp. 278-281.

326. U. B. Pal, T. DebRoy, and G. Simkovich, The effects of a surface active agent, P2O5 and agitation upon the gaseous reduction of melts, TMS Paper Selection, AIME Publication, Paper # A 82-31, 1982, pp. 1-18.

327. T. DebRoy, D. Shahapurkar, and G. W. Healy, Retorting of zinc, Extractive Metallurgy - Laboratory Exercises, H. A. Fine, Editor, AIME Publication, 1982, pp. 73-81.

328. Shahapurkar, T. DebRoy, and G. Simkovich, High temperature oxidation of nickel and a nickel alloy, Extractive Metallurgy - Laboratory Exercises, H. A. Fine, Editor, AIME Publication, 1982, pp. 63-68.

329. U. B. Pal, T. DebRoy, and G. Simkovich, Kinetic studies of liquid slags containing PbO, TMS Paper Selection, AIME Publication, Paper # F-81-9, 1981, pp. 1-16.

330. T. DebRoy, J. Szekely, and T. W. Eagar, Temperature profiles, the size of the heat-affected zone and dilution in electroslag welding, Materials Science and Engineering, 1982, vol. 56, pp. 181-193.

331. T. DebRoy and A. K. Majumdar, Predicting fluid-flow in gas-stirred systems, Journal of Metals, 1981, vol. 33(11), pp. 42-47.

332. T. DebRoy, J. Szekely, and T.W. Eagar, Mathematical modeling of the temperature profiles and weld dilution in electroslag welding of steel plates, Modeling of Casting and Welding Processes, H. D. Brody and D. Apelian, Editors, ASM Publication, 1981, pp. 197-212.

333. T. DebRoy, J. Szekely, and T. W. Eagar, Heat-generation patterns and temperature profiles in electroslag welding, Metallurgical Transactions B - Process Metallurgy, 1980, vol. 11, pp. 593-605.

334. T. DebRoy, S. R. Chandrasekhar and D. G. C. Robertson, Fuming of stannous oxide from slags, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C, 1978, vol. 87, pp. C225-230.

335. T. DebRoy, A. K. Majumdar, and D. B. Spalding, Numerical prediction of recirculation flows with free convection encountered in gas-agitated reactors, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 1978, vol. 2, pp. 146-150.

336. T. DebRoy, D. G. C. Robertson and J. C. C. Leach, A mathematical model for stainless steel making. Part II: application to AOD Heats, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1978, no. 5, pp. 207-210.

337. T. DebRoy and D. G. C. Robertson, A mathematical model for stainless steel making. Part I: argon-oxygen and argon-oxygen-steam mixtures, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1978, no. 5, pp. 198-206.

338. T. Debroy, N. H. Elkaddah, and D. G. C. Robertson, Mixed transport control in gas-liquid metal reactions, Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1977, vol. 8, pp. 271-277.

339. S. K. Singh, T. DebRoy, and K. P. Abraham, Kinetics of Reduction of Manganese dioxide to manganese oxide by hydrogen, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 1974, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 87-92.

340. K. M. Khaji, T. DebRoy, G.N.K. Iyengar, and K. P. Abraham, Kinetics of reduction of cobalt oxide by hydrogen in a fluidized bed, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 1974, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 40-45.

341. T. DebRoy and K. P. Abraham, Analysis of pressure buildup inside a reacting pellet during gas solid reactions, Metallurgical Transactions, 1974, vol. 5, pp. 349-354.

342. T. DebRoy, H. S. Ray, and K. P. Abraham, Experimental determination of two transport parameters, effective diffusivity and heat transfer coefficient for single pellets, National Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Kanpur, India, 1973, pp. C33-38.

343. T. DebRoy and K. P. Abraham, Kinetics of reduction of dense sintered spherical pellets of nickel oxide in flowing hydrogen, Richardson Conference on the Physical Chemistry of Process Metallurgy, IMM London, 1973, pp. 85-93.